The Volokh Conspiracy

Maher Arar En Banc:

The U.S. Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit has decided, sua sponte, to rehear the case of Maher Arar en banc. This is an interesting and unusual development. Details here and here.

Oren:
The CCR is racking up quite an impressive list of victories here. They should send Addington a fruit basket as a small token of their gratitude.
8.14.2008 2:22pm
Oren:
Of course, they haven't won anything for Arar yet, but this is still impressive.
8.14.2008 2:23pm
Snaphappy Fishsuit Mokiligon:
Maher Arar En Banc is an anagram for "meaner Arab ranch"
8.14.2008 2:40pm
Anderson (mail):
an anagram for "meaner Arab ranch"

That's where they sent him, all right.
8.14.2008 2:42pm
Oren:
Ranch? I thought those were supposedly to be roomy. He was put in a freaking coffin!
8.14.2008 2:46pm
Anderson (mail):
Ranch? I thought those were supposedly to be roomy. He was put in a freaking coffin!

*Meaner* ranch, Oren.
8.14.2008 2:49pm
RPT (mail):
Perhaps the Court is reacting to AG Mukasey's new "it's not a crime if you're a Republican" theory.
8.14.2008 2:54pm
Oren:
I'm more a fan of Mukasey's philosophical point that "not every violation of the law is a crime". Truly he has a grasp of the semantics of the English language that is far in excess of our mere mortal minds.
8.14.2008 2:56pm
PersonFromPorlock:
Granted that a CCR press release isn't the most objective source in the world, but could it be that the original panel whored so shamelessly for the government that it actually embarrassed the circuit into rehearing the case?
8.14.2008 3:29pm
martinned (mail) (www):
@Oren: Actually, if you don't define crime as "a violation of the law", but as, say, "a violation of the law with no justification that ought to be punished", the distinction between a crime and a violation of the law is most useful, and one that many Republicans would do well to consider.
8.14.2008 3:33pm
cboldt (mail):
I doubt the pure "sua sponte" assertion. I suspect some back door request from the government. Better to have the case settled in civil court than have a special prosecutor leveling criminal charges.
8.14.2008 3:52pm
Anderson (mail):
could it be that the original panel whored so shamelessly for the government that it actually embarrassed the circuit into rehearing the case?

Wouldn't rule that out. The tenor of questioning in December will be the first time we really get some clue, alas.
8.14.2008 3:52pm
Anderson (mail):
I doubt the pure "sua sponte" assertion. I suspect some back door request from the government. Better to have the case settled in civil court than have a special prosecutor leveling criminal charges.

Cboldt, you are much more optimistic about the next administration than I am.

Regardless, I find it ... unlikely that a majority of sitting circuit-court judges would really give much of a flip *what* the feds requested "back door."
8.14.2008 4:02pm
Prosecutorial Indiscretion:
If every violation of the law is a crime, as hordes of indignant commenters throughout the blogosphere seem to believe in light of the AG's comments, then why are so many law school classes focused on subjects other than crime? Why do courts have other dockets in addition to their criminal dockets? And why do many people lose cases but still walk out of court without a criminal record?

The notion that not every violation of law is a crime is astonishingly noncontroversial and should not come as a surprise to anyone, least of all anyone who has the teeniest bit of experience with the practice of American law. I am genuinely shocked that anyone views the AG's comment to that effect as even noteworthy, let alone grounds for extended mouth-frothing.
8.14.2008 4:42pm
Anon21:
Well, obviously not every violation of the law is a crime. Many law violations are civil offenses. I think the outrage has stemmed from the suggestion that some violations of the law have no legal remedy. Without reading the fuller context of Mukasey's remarks, I can't say whether or not that's an accurate expression of his views.
8.14.2008 4:57pm
JonC:
The Washington Post editorial page, no bastion of the right, came out in support today of AG Mukasey's blindingly simple distinction between civil and criminal wrongs:


Mr. Mukasey wasn't exercising prosecutorial discretion; he was simply reflecting the fact that the laws broken by the two are civil in nature and do not empower the Justice Department to press charges. It's not that Mr. Mukasey won't prosecute, it's that he can't.


(Emphasis in original). Further, as the Post points out, far from taking a do-nothing approach or suggesting that "some violations of the law have no legal remedy," Mukasey denounced Goodling's and Sampson's actions, and is reaching out to alert rejected DoJ job-seekers that they may have been wrongfully discriminated against, so they can pursue possible civil claims.
8.14.2008 5:45pm
Snaphappy Fishsuit Mokiligon:

I doubt the pure "sua sponte" assertion. I suspect some back door request from the government. Better to have the case settled in civil court than have a special prosecutor leveling criminal charges.


So you're suggesting that somehow the government filed a secret ex-parte motion to rehear a case that they won, and not only did the judges who received the unethical motion that violates the rules not disregard it and report the government attorneys to the bar, they went ahead and decided to rehear the case (which they rarely do even when the petition doesn't violate the rules).

I can recommend a good tinfoil if you need a new hat.
8.14.2008 6:13pm
Snaphappy Fishsuit Mokiligon:
I should also add that:

1. A decision to rehear the case based on an ex parte communication from the government would be an ethical violation on the judges' part; and

2. A majority of the court needs to vote to rehear the case en banc.

So in order to arrange a "back door" sua sponte en banc ruling, the government would either have to get to one judge to call a poll and expect the others would just agree, or it would have to have ex parte contact with a majority of the court, and all of the judges they contact would have to be willing to risk humiliation and censure if they were discovered.

This is really a very likely scenario you've come up with.
8.14.2008 6:19pm
Tulkinghorn:
It would have been a lot more helpful if Mukasey had, as part of his statements, discussed what the administrative procedures were. With no experience in the matter, and little time to research it, it appears to me that the Office of Special Counsel handles the administrative prosecutions, and refers cases back to the DOJ if their investigation and prosecution reveals evidence of criminal wrongdoing.

It would also help if the OSC were a functioning entity right now, but that is not Mukasey's fault.
8.14.2008 6:28pm
Jay:
The Second Circuit judges (largely on the left) who offered a sermon on the wisdom of seldom, if ever, going en banc a few months ago in the employment (?) case look a tad bit hypocritical now. Apparently going en banc only violates longstanding judicial tradition, wastes resources, etc. when you agreed with the original result.
8.14.2008 6:43pm
byomtov (mail):
far from taking a do-nothing approach or suggesting that "some violations of the law have no legal remedy," Mukasey denounced Goodling's and Sampson's actions, and is reaching out to alert rejected DoJ job-seekers that they may have been wrongfully discriminated against, so they can pursue possible civil claims.

And who will pay off those claims? Do Goodling and Sampson have any personal liability at all?

Would their acts be grounds for disciplinary action by bar associations?

Or are they free and clear, with only a stern lecture from Mukasey?
8.14.2008 6:51pm
Soronel Haetir (mail):
Not like criminal charges would even be possible under the next POTUS once the pardon flood drowns us all.
8.14.2008 6:57pm
Anon21:
Wait, I'm sorry. Fred Hiatt's Iraq-war cheerleading Washington Post editorial page is not a bastion of the right? That's definitely news to me.
8.14.2008 7:03pm
cboldt (mail):
-- So you're suggesting that somehow the government filed a secret ex-parte motion --
.
Not at all. My tinfoil is along the lines of something entirely informal. Chitchat, if you will.
.
Nothing happens out of the clear blue. There is SOME reason the Circuit either maintained interest, or obtained renewed interest.
.
Maybe it's as simple as they feel they've lost face, compared with the actions of the Canadians in the same matter.
8.14.2008 7:58pm
RPT (mail):
My analysis was:

"Perhaps the Court is reacting to AG Mukasey's new "it's not a crime if you're a Republican" theory."

It's not the nature of the offense that is relevant for AGMM, it is the identity of the offender. This is the reality of his administration. Since all of the acknowledged offenders save Goodling are partners in Washington law firms, they have prevailed in two ways: the unqualified hirees retain their positions in their various positions, and the perpetrators are unpunished and well rewarded. That's a good result any day.
8.14.2008 10:00pm
JonC:
Do Goodling and Sampson have any personal liability at all?

Sorry, I'm not an expert on qualified immunity, so I just don't know. I was responding to the claim that Mukasey declared that there could be no legal remedy, which is manifestly untrue.

Would their acts be grounds for disciplinary action by bar associations?

The WaPo editorial suggests that's the case, and I see no reason why it would be wrong. If Goodling and Sampson really violated civil or administrative law, one would think that the relevant bar associations would be interested in investigating-- of course, that's up to the bar associations, not Mukasey.
8.14.2008 11:56pm
JonC:
I have an honest question. To those who seem to be displeased with the level of action AG Mukasey is taking against Goodling, Sampson, et al.: can you provide citations to the federal criminal statutes that you believe were broken in this case?
8.15.2008 12:04am
jukeboxgrad (mail):
Wait, I'm sorry. Fred Hiatt's Iraq-war cheerleading Washington Post editorial page is not a bastion of the right? That's definitely news to me.


I wish I had a nickel for every time I've seen someone make a statement like that ('Washington Post editorial page is not a bastion of the right') while simultaneously quoting an editorial which adds to the considerable evidence that the statement is false.
8.15.2008 12:27am
Tulkinghorn:
JonC:

The Office of Special Counsel page on Prohibited Personnel Practices notes that rather expensive civil penalties ($1,000 per event) can be imposed for the actions Goodling has admitted to and Sampson stands credibly accused of. Goodling's immunity deal may or may not protect her from civil penalties.

The Hatch Act Page notes that the following criminal code sections may apply to Hatch Act cases, which I assume is a matter of a referral back to DOJ once evidence is collected:

Federal employees should also be aware that certain political activities may also be criminal offenses under title 18 of the U.S. Code. See 18 U.S.C. ยงยง 210, 211, 594, 595, 600, 601, 602, 603, 604, 605, 606, 607, 610.


Finally, I would note that the DOJ Internal report states on page 121 that Goodling repeatedly lied to DOJ investigators. There seems to be some prosecutorial discretion here if Mukasey is declaring that those lies can't/won't be prosecuted.
8.15.2008 6:00am
Snaphappy Fishsuit Mokiligon:

something entirely informal. Chitchat, if you will.


A few other terms for that kind of chitchat are "judicial misconduct" and "improper ex parte contact."

As far as the mechanics, I imagine the Second Circuit is like others, where any judge can hold the mandate, write a memo as to why he or she thinks the case should be heard en banc, and then call for a vote. So all that had to happen was that one judge pesuaded the others that there was a good reason to hear this en banc.
8.15.2008 9:13am
Former Law Clerk (mail):
While it is rare for the Second Circuit to go "in banc" (as they call it), it is hardly surprising that the court did not await a petition to have full court review of a case of this importance. The judges are very aware of cases of this magnitude, and given that the court lacks a functional system for reviewing petitions (because it hardly ever accepts petitions), it is not strange for sua sponte review.

Indeed, the Court once accepted a case sua sponte en banc after the Supreme Court denied cert. but before the mandate issued. Now that's unusual.
8.15.2008 11:27am
Former Law Clerk (mail):
I also should add that -- in my opinion -- there is a belief among the judges of the Second Circuit that, because the court so seldomly grants en banc review, they may need to act sua sponte to hear a truly important case, because parties may otherwise skip en banc review and, instead, file a petition for cert.
8.15.2008 11:34am
Oren:
Thanks for the background, FLC.
8.15.2008 12:42pm