Of Earmarks and Bridges:

This does seem like a pretty obvious and important point to make in the wake of the horrible Minnesota tragedy, doesn't it? (Via Glenn).

In related news, I see that "The Bridge to Nowhere" now has its own Wikipedia entry.

jim:
that URL works, but this URL is more satisfying: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bridge_to_Nowhere_%28Alaska%29
8.4.2007 10:44pm
Le Messurier (mail):

...the horrible Minnesota tragedy.

9/11 was horrible; The bridge was a tragedy to be sure; mostly for those who lost loved ones. To the citizens of metropolitan Minneapolis it is and will be a great inconvenience. To the rest of us it was shocking. The media and many bloggers like Todd, need to restrain their emotions a bit and quit listening to the 24/7 news reports and get some perspective. Much worse has and will happen.
8.4.2007 11:29pm
Roger Schlafly (www):
Not that horrible -- only 8 confirmed missing and 5 critically injured, last I heard.
8.4.2007 11:47pm
Reg (mail):
From what we know now, there isn't anything that politicians did or didn't do that caused this accident. If it was anybody's fault, it was that of the engineers who chose not to schedule it for replacement sooner, or didn't take more drastic action in light of its deficiencies. Even if a billion dollars was found laying in the MN capital building, nobody, Republican or Democrat, would have proposed spending it on this bridge.

But, the list of those blamed who had nothing to do with is already long: the governor, the transportation secretary, the last 3 governors, the legislature, Bush, Congress, etc. My favored targets would be Congressman squandering money on pork, or MN congressman squandering money on light rail and commuter rail.

In the long run, the only thing coming out of this that will affect me will be that my taxes will go up and my commute will be totally ruined.
8.5.2007 1:10am
Reg (mail):
Also, anybody willing to bet that the replacement bridge will itself be a turned into a giant pork barrel project? There is already talk about using it to carry light rail and 10 lanes of traffic. By the time everybody's gotten their say, it will some gold-plated monstrosity with an attached museum/memorial costing ten times more than any other similar bridge and it will be able to withstand a 9.0 earthquake and a nuclear bomb (at the same time).
8.5.2007 1:16am
Dan Simon (mail) (www):
Prof. Zywicki, you have it all wrong. The bridge disaster wasn't caused by the government spending money on things you don't like instead of fixing the bridge--it was caused by the government spending money on things I don't like instead of fixing the bridge. I have no idea how you could have made such an obvious mistake.
8.5.2007 1:34am
Visitor Again:
Not that horrible -- only 8 confirmed missing and 5 critically injured, last I heard.

You--and the previous commenter with a similar sentiment--have a horrible case of diarrhea of the mouth. Hell, I've had a horrible toothache. "Horrible" is not reserved for the worst of the worst.
8.5.2007 3:26am
Daniel Chapman (mail):
No, but when politicians are involved, it's important to keep a sense of perspective.
8.5.2007 4:04am
Cornellian (mail):
I like the end of the story where it says the DoT stopped releasing the figures, lest they embarrass members of Congress.

Yeah right, as if members of Congress were capable of feeling embarrassed.
8.5.2007 4:24am
Cecilius:
I second Cornellian - a prerequisite to election appears to be having no shame. The only good news from the article is that much of the earmarked money is never spent.

I'm a little reluctant to blame politicians' lust for earmarks as being responsible for a bridge collapse. Members of Congress may have had their priorities screwed up, but why didn't the State do the maintenance with its own money? I don't know how much money Minnesota has in its own transportation budget, by my own State had a $3 billion State DOT budget for FY 2006. That would seem like plenty of money to include a cut for bridge maintenance. I have a sense though that the situation is much more complicated. Many States seem to have become dependent on federal transportation funds to supplement their own projects and perhaps they won't commit to major projects without matching federal funds.
8.5.2007 9:09am
Sam Heldman (mail):
No not really obvious or important. The neglect of infrastructure is attributable not to earmarks, but to the influence of anti-tax zealots.
8.5.2007 9:30am
Curt Fischer:
From the WSJ quote in the linked article:

By 1997, 55% of the $6.2 billion in earmarks from the 1991 highway bill had gone unspent. We can’t report the same numbers for the 1998 and 2005 highway bills because the federal Transportation Department stopped disclosing the figures, lest it embarrass Members of Congress.


This sounds like a FOIA request waiting to happen.

I largely agree with Prof. Zywicki on this. I don't agree that the lust for earmarks directly caused the bridge to collapse. But I think it is worthwhile and appropriate to examine all areas of Congressional mismanagement of taxpayer money, including infrastructure related earmarks, in response to a disaster like this.
8.5.2007 10:14am
Houston Lawyer:
What your congressman earmarks depends on how good he is. When Tom Delay was my congressman, he pushed through federal funds for the expansion of the Southwest Freeway, which is the main artery to Houston from his district. This freeway went from 4 to 8 lanes. Constituents love that kind of stroke.

Even though he is gone, this spending will go on for years.
8.5.2007 10:39am
ChrisIowa (mail):
There is no reason that the bridge I inspected last Thursday should be on the Federal Aid system, but there it is. Less than 20 feet long, two lanes wide. But if it were to be widened or replaced it would have to go through a priority list, and wait several years. (This particular one would never make it to the top of the list, it's in too good a condition.)

There is no reason that nearly every bridge in the country, even on dirt and gravel roads, should have Federal involvement. We should reduce the Federal Gas tax by 15 cents per gallon, "letting" the states raise their taxes by 15 cents per gallon and end the Federal involvement in any road that is not a US highway. This would mean that 15 cents per gallon would go to infrastructure rather than 10 (my guess) as it is now.
8.5.2007 11:40am
Moonage Webdream (mail) (www):
Someone help me here, but weren't they working on the bridge when it collapsed? If so, I don't understand the criticism or connection to money being spent elsewhere.

What I do see is the very predictable opportunism of SOME people to take advantage of any bad situation to promote their own political agendas.
8.5.2007 11:41am
Bruce Hayden (mail) (www):
Well, if we are going to talk pork, earmarks, and disasters, maybe we should revisit Katrina and New Orleans, and why LA had so much money going to the Corps of Engineers, but almost none of that going towards the levees in New Orleans. The CoE apparently put those levees right at or near the top of their priorities for the state, but the LA Congressional delegation disagreed.

Not to throw gasoline on the partisan fires here, but...
8.5.2007 12:02pm
Bruce Hayden (mail) (www):
I think that Reynolds at Instapundit has a good point, and that is that though you can't really tie this disaster to earmarks, etc., there are trade offs being made by Congress, and part of that is that money is being squandered for Bridges to Nowhere, more memorials to Bob Byrd in WV, etc., that really should be going to needed infrastructure projects. Glen thought that this was by Sen. McCain was a bit overboard, but had some underlying merit:
"We spent approximately $20 billion of that money on pork barrel, earmark projects," said McCain. "Maybe if we had done it right, maybe some of that money would have gone to inspect those bridges and other bridges around the country. Maybe the 200,000 people who cross that bridge every day would have been safer than spending $233 million of your tax dollars on a bridge in Alaska to an island with 50 people on it."

McCain spoke during a town hall-style meeting with activists, saying he was angered not just by Congress wasting money on special projects, but also by it approving reform packages he labeled a sham.

"I'm angry today because we just had a chance to reform this process in Washington and we punted," said McCain. "We pushed off on the American people a joke and a sham in the name of earmark reform."
While the federal budget isn't exactly a zero sum game, it comes closer these days than in the past, due to Congress' reluctance to raise taxes and some of the procedural spending constraints that they have somewhat placed themselves under. What that does mean is that earmark critics to have a decent point that even though this disaster was not directly the result of out of control earmarks, earmarks may have diverted money better needed for infrastructure repair to less worthy causes, and that if this project had been addressed earlier (presumably due to money being available earlier), the bridge might not have collapsed.
8.5.2007 12:16pm
Elliot Reed:
Dan Simon: close, but not quite right. I think what you meant to say is that the bridge collapsed because money is being spent on programs I don't like. Hence the blame falls on the Iraq War, abstinence-only sex education, the War on Drugs, and the White House press office.
8.5.2007 1:47pm
LTEC (mail) (www):
The "Bridge to Nowhere" actually goes somewhere. it goes to an airport, so that now local residents can drive there instead of taking a ferry.

Should federal money have been spent on it? Or state money or city money? I don't know, but all the related questions become a lot simpler when we can dismiss them with a cute catch phrase instead of dealing with substantive issues.
8.5.2007 6:16pm
Hattio (mail):
Preach it LTEC,
Unfortunately, I gave up. Some people like their cute sayings regardless of how the saying reflects reality.
8.5.2007 6:48pm
ThePartyoftheFirstPart (mail) (www):
If only Congress had appropriated money to fix old bridges, instead of building that darn "Bridge to the Airport."
8.5.2007 7:29pm
Daryl Herbert (www):
Don't tell me the "Bridge to Nowhere" has its own fan club...
8.5.2007 8:23pm
David M. Nieporent (www):
The "Bridge to Nowhere" actually goes somewhere. it goes to an airport, so that now local residents can drive there instead of taking a ferry.
Actually, I believe it goes FROM an airport. It goes TO nowhere.
8.5.2007 8:53pm
Grumpy (mail):
Why does anybody need to "believe" anything about the bridge? The Wikipedia entry lays out the facts plainly: the proposed bridge would connect Ketchikan, AK to its airport, which is located on Gravina Island, currently a 7-minute ferry ride away. As LTEC said, you can criticize it any number of ways, but at least have the facts straight.

The other bridge in the "Bridges to Nowhere" package would connect Anchorage, AK to largely undeveloped land across a 3-mile wide inlet. Perhaps that's where some of the confusion comes from.
8.6.2007 2:19pm
Harry Eagar (mail):
Wrong, wrong, wrong, all around.

The bridge inspection system works very well. The number of collapses is about one per 5 years, or 1 per million bridge-years. Sheesh. Find my another program that works as well.

Drug rehabilitation, anyone?

Besides, there is the argument (by the very stimulating Henry Petroski in 'Why Things Fail') that if bridges don't fail from time to time, engineers are not doing their job of refining designs so that the overall cost to society will be the least possible.

That's an argument that ought to resonate with antitaxers and libertarians, I would think.
8.6.2007 3:38pm
Randy R. (mail):
And how many people live on this mythical Gravina Island? This place whose residents simply will not put up with a 7 minute ferry ride, but demand a bridge for themselves?
8.6.2007 5:30pm
David M. Nieporent (www):
Grumpy/LTEC, you do understand that "nowhere" isn't actually a place, and so a hyperliteral definition of the term would obviously mean that a bridge to nowhere couldn't exist outside of an Escher painting, right?

When someone says that they're "in the middle of nowhere," do you pedantically correct them and point out that they must be somewhere?
8.6.2007 5:50pm
Grumpy (mail):
David M. Nieporent, if "nowhere" is at one end of the Gravina Island bridge, which end is it? Ketchikan, or its airport?

My point is that there are destinations on each side. Even if there were none (more like the proposed Knik Arm bridge in Anchorage), there's still the possibility of "if you build it, they will come," i.e. "nowhere" eventually becomes somewhere, thanks to the bridge.

What would be the correct pricetag for a bridge to connect Ketchikan to its airport? I don't know. Should federal dollars be involved at all? I don't know. I just want to see a stop to this "nowhere" nonsense. It's obviously not "nowhere" -- it's just "nowhere I want to spend $230 Million to get to."

FWIW, Alaska already has a Million Dollar Bridge to Nowhere. It connects Cordova across the Copper River to... nowhere. Nevertheless, the state pays to maintain the disused bridge to avoid the greater expense of cleaning up the collapse.
8.7.2007 1:53pm